Content Models are structured representation of content. org. Experiment constructing basic queries using the GraphQL syntax. We recommend upgrading from 3. 0. Select Create. In this video you will: Learn how to create and define a Content Fragment Model. Authentication verifies the identity of a user. This document is part of a multi-part tutorial. Build a React JS app using GraphQL in a pure headless scenario. Experience LeagueAn end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM’s GraphQL APIs and consumed by an external app, in a headless CMS scenario. npm install bcrypt. This end-to-end tutorial continues the basic tutorial that covered the fundamentals of Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Headless and GraphQL. GraphQL can be configured to handle authentication and. Select the APIs blade. Navigate to Tools > Security > Users, and select authentication-service user, and select Properties from the top action bar. Complete the quick setup for AEM as a Cloud Service to configure your AEM as a Cloud Service. GraphQL API. To add more authorization types using the AWS AppSync console, launch the console, choose your GraphQL API, then choose Settings and scroll to the Authorization settings. Select the preferred package manager for the installation (npm or yarn), and change the directory to the project folder using the command below. Navigate to Tools > Security > Users, and select authentication-service user, and select Properties from the top action bar. The following are examples of possible approaches for constructing URLs for AEM GraphQL API and image requests, for several popular headless frameworks and platforms. Understand how the Content Fragment Model. Content can be viewed in-context within AEM. Learn about the various data types used to build out the Content Fragment Model. LearnThis document is part of a multi-part tutorial. In previous releases, a package was needed to install the GraphiQL IDE. GraphQL acts as an alternative to REST API. An implementation of the standard GraphiQL IDE is available for use with the GraphQL API of Adobe Experience Manager (AEM). The sample React app has three main parts: The src/api folder contains files used to make GraphQL queries to AEM. GraphiQL is included in all environments of AEM (but will only be accessible/visible when you configure your endpoints). After receiving and verifying the request, our custom authenticator would then forward the token to a web service endpoint where it will be confirmed, and then user details will be returned upon success. Manage AEM Author access using Adobe IMS via the Adobe Admin Console. Now, we can run the app and see that an Authentication flow has been added in front of our App component. In AEM 6. 6. Learn how to create GraphQL queries to return content from Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) and how to use the GraphiQL tool to quickly test, refine, and debug queries. Learn how AEM can go beyond a pure headless use case, with options for in-context authoring and experience management. See Authentication for Remote AEM GraphQL Queries on. In the Basic Tutorial - Build a React app that uses AEM’s GraphQL APIs step we had reviewed and enhanced few key files to get hands-on expertise. In the basic tutorial multi-step GraphQL tutorial, you used the GraphiQL Explorer to test and refine the GraphQL queries. On February 25, 2022, GitLab for CVE-2021-4191, which is an instance of CWE-359, "Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor. Select the Keystore tab. js v18; Git; 1. Using basic authentication and postman I am able to run all the requests GET,POST,PUT,DELETE on AEM6. In this chapter, you use the GraphiQL Explorer to define more advanced queries to gather data of the Content. js page with getStaticProps. Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Gems is a series of technical deep dives into Adobe Experience Manager delivered by Adobe experts. GraphiQL is included in all environments of AEM (but will only be accessible/visible when you configure your endpoints). Project Configurations; GraphQL endpoints; Content Fragment. Wrap the React app with an initialized ModelManager, and render the React app. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. js initializes and exports the AEM Headless Client used to communicate with AEM; src/api/usePersistedQueries. Learn about advanced queries using filters, variables, and directives. ) that is curated by the. Created for: Beginner. Another issue that was fixed in 2023. Next. The GraphQL schema might be the most interesting part of this code. If creating a keystore, keep the password safe. The WKND client application connects to AEM publish service, so it is important that you published the following to the AEM publish service. 5 Using basic authentication and postman I am able to run all the requests GET,POST,PUT,DELETE on AEM. This fulfills a basic requirement of. Topics: Created for: Description Environment. The WKND client application connects to AEM publish service, so it is important that you published the following to the AEM publish service. 5 -Best, PradeepDeveloper. js, Prisma & GraphQL The series covers the following: Data modeling using Prisma. These are defined by information architects in the AEM Content Fragment Model editor. In this article, I'll cover the difference between authentication and authorization with GraphQL APIs, explain how to implement them with GraphQL server,. Updating your Content Fragments for optimized GraphQL Filtering; Authentication for Remote AEM GraphQL Queries on Content Fragments; AEM GraphQL API with Content Fragments - Sample Content and Queries; Hybrid and SPA AEM Development. The following are examples of possible approaches for constructing URLs for AEM GraphQL API and image requests, for several popular headless frameworks and platforms. 10). Learn how Experience Manager as a Cloud Service works and what the software can do for you. 2. This is your 24 hour, developer access token to the AEM as a Cloud Service environment. In this video you will: Learn how to create and define a Content Fragment Model. How to use Clone the adobe/aem-guides-wknd-graphql repository: Tap the Local token tab. Questions that have arisen: Q: “How is the GraphQL API for AEM different from Query Builder API?” A: “The AEM GraphQL API offers total control on the JSON output, and is an industry standard for querying content. 1 Accepted Solution Correct answer by Jörg_Hoh Employee Advisor 09-09-2022 07:12 PDT If you want to implement that on the publish layer, you should use. The GraphiQL Explorer tool enables developers to create, and test queries against content on the current AEM environment. This React application demonstrates how to query content using AEM’s GraphQL APIs using persisted queries. Explore the AEM GraphQL API. Create a user model class named User to store the login credentials of the user. Use GraphQL schema provided by: use the dropdown to select the required site/project. Learn how to configure AEM hosts in AEM Headless app. Metadata is the information that describes a Content Fragment, such as the title of a Content Fragment, the thumbnail path, the description of a Content Fragment, the date it was created, amongst others. Contact Adobe to enable this capability for your AEM Cloud Service program and environments. Next, explore the power of AEM’s GraphQL API using the built-in GraphiQL IDE. Level 3: Embed and fully enable SPA in AEM. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. 1. Please ensure that the previous chapters have been completed before proceeding with this chapter. Available for use by all sites. Authentication and Authorization would be dependent on the backend framework. Persisted queries are queries that are stored on the Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) server. Using this path you (or your app) can: receive the responses (to your GraphQL queries). . Project Configurations; GraphQL endpoints; Content Fragment. One index for each declared query (using the query name), with the exception of queries annotated with the @resolver directive. Solution For more documentation on the token configuration, see the api docs on Apache. You also need to specify what columns you want, like so: { resource { column, column2 } } To query with a parameter you would instead type like so:Now let’s set HTTP headers for all our requests: Unirest. This Next. Build a React JS app using GraphQL in a pure headless scenario. Build a React JS app using GraphQL in a pure headless scenario. js initializes and exports the AEM Headless Client used to communicate with AEM; src/api/usePersistedQueries. The following configurations are examples. Subsequently, our custom authenticator will then sign the user if it has already been created in AEM. Token-based authentication to AEM as a Cloud Service. Ensure you adjust them to align to the requirements of your. The AEM GraphQL API allows you to update the default cache-control parameters to your queries in order to. Click Tools | HTTP Client | Create Request in HTTP Client. Tutorials by framework. Please ensure that the previous chapters have been completed before proceeding with this chapter. This chapter presents several approaches to authentication that can be adapted to a variety of different. The AEM Headless quick setup gets you hands-on with AEM Headless using content from the WKND Site sample project, and a sample React App (a SPA) that consumes the content over AEM Headless GraphQL APIs. This Android application demonstrates how to query content using the GraphQL APIs of AEM. clearDefaultHeaders (); At some point, we might need to make requests through a proxy server:Building real-time offline-ready Applications with React, GraphQL & AWS AppSync - GitHub - dabit3/aws-appsync-react-workshop: Building real-time offline-ready Applications with React, GraphQL & AWS AppSync. To determine the correct approach for managing build dependent configurations, reference the AEM Headless app’s framework (for example, React, iOS, Android™, and so on) documentation, as the approach varies by framework. It's focussed on Assets, but it is basically the same for sites. All authentication requests must be made using the online request form (replacing the cover letter). The following tools should be installed locally: JDK 11; Node. Project Configurations; GraphQL endpoints; Content Fragment. Manage AEM Author access using Adobe IMS via the Adobe Admin Console. This feature can be used to reduce the number of GraphQL backend calls by a large factor. cif-connector-graphql: the CIF GraphQL connector, based on Magento GraphQL; cif-virtual-catalog: the bundle that permits to bind products in the AEM Commerce console; content: contains the following content packages in the sub-folders cif-connector-graphql: the content package for the CIF GraphQL connectorAs defined in GraphQL, offset-based pagination is quite simple: type User { id: ID! } type Query { signedUpUsers (limit: Int, offset: Int): [User!]! } As you can see, to add pagination, all you have to do is add the arguments 'limit' and 'offset' to the field 'signedUpUsers'. While AEM Core Components provide a customizable API that can serve required Read operations for this purpose, and whose JSON output can be customized, they do require AEM WCM (Web Content Management) know-how for implementation. Authentication is an essential part of most applications. Select the Keystore tab. AEM provides a Translation Integration Framework for headless content, allowing Content Fragments and supporting assets to be easily translated for use across locales. Step 1: Adding Apollo GraphQL to a Next. Prerequisites. Content Fragments in AEM provide structured content management. For server-to-server authentication, you can use Service Credentials of AEM (Access tokens). Content Fragments are used, as the content is structured according to Content Fragment Models. Tools like GraphiQL and GraphQL Playground use the introspection Query to then be able to give the user autocompletion functionalities. AEM GraphQL API requests. AEM Headless single-page app (SPA) deployments involve JavaScript-based applications built using frameworks such as React or Vue, that consume and interact with content in AEM in a headless manner. Author in-context a portion of a remotely hosted React. Anatomy of the React app. The basic operation of queries with GraphQL for AEM adhere to the standard GraphQL specification. Example applications are a great way to explore the headless capabilities of Adobe Experience Manager (AEM). For a third-party service to connect with an AEM instance it must. TIP. To help with this see: A sample Content Fragment structure. In addition to pure AEM managed content CIF a page can typically display commerce data that is dynamically fetched from Adobe Commerce via GraphQL. Project Configurations; GraphQL endpoints;. CANADA : PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 3, BARBARA EMERSON, Registrar, Official Documents, Ministry of Justice, Province of British Columbia, DO HEREBY. The GraphQL API in AEM allows you to expose Content Fragment data to downstream applications. Please ensure that the previous chapters have been completed before proceeding with this chapter. Both of these options have some advantages and some disadvantages. Windows Credential Manager sometimes messes with stored GIT passwords causing authentication failure. We're going to create a GraphQL schema – a type system that describes your universe of data – that wraps calls to your existing REST API. The source code and the MySQL files are in this repository. js application is invoked from the command line. See Generating Access Tokens for Server-Side APIs for full details. The AEM GraphQL API currently not supporting some of the GraphQL. Persisted queries are queries that are stored on the Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) server. Further information More information on. Next, we’ll use the AEM Headless SDK to retrieve Content Fragment data from AEM’s GraphQL APIs. The GraphiQL Explorer tool enables developers to create, and test queries against content on the current AEM environment. Authentication. In ASP. Select Add private key from DER file, and add the private key and chain file to AEM: Yes, since few days I am going through this article, in this article Albin has explained through basic authentication only, token based may be supporting in AEMAaCS not sure if it is there in AEM6. Step 4: Adding SpaceX launch data to the page. Can't set Authentication header for Apollo client. Next, explore the power of AEM’s GraphQL API using the built-in GraphiQL Explorer. In this video you will: Understand the power behind the GraphQL language. Authorization patterns in GraphQL are quite different than in a REST API. A GraphQL server can be seen as an API proxy: the query is a tree of API functions (resolvers) executed by the GraphQL server. Content Fragments. Before enhancing the WKND App, review the key files. This document is part of a multi-part tutorial. In the basic tutorial multi-step GraphQL tutorial, you used the GraphiQL Explorer to test and refine the GraphQL queries. Project Configurations; GraphQL endpoints;. Anatomy of the React app. Author in-context a portion of a remotely hosted React application. Review the AEMHeadless object. The following tools should be installed locally: JDK 11; Node. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. Download Advanced-GraphQL-Tutorial-Starter-Package-1. Search for “GraphiQL” (be sure to include the i in GraphiQL ). Learn how to create relationships between Content Fragment Models in Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) and how to leverage these relationships in GraphQL queries. AEM Local Development Access Tokens are used to accelerate the development of integrations with AEM as a Cloud Service that programmatically interacts with AEM Author or Publish services over HTTP. It is important that an application authenticates a user to ensure that the data is not available to an anonymous user. If not, it will create it on the fly and. src/api/aemHeadlessClient. With Explore{} you can browse through the data to with semantic search, and a slightly. Retrieving an Access Token. TIP. A client-side REST wrapper #. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. Explore the dynamic world of content delivery through the lenses of 'Content Fragments' and 'GraphQL. Please ensure that the previous chapters have been completed before proceeding with this chapter. Explore the AEM GraphQL API. b) The GraphQL server verifies the user in the database against his / her hashed password. Step 1 — Setting Up GraphQL with Node. Install GraphiQL IDE on AEM 6. This document is part of a multi-part tutorial. The AEM Headless quick setup gets you hands-on with AEM Headless using content from the WKND Site sample project, and a sample React App (a SPA) that consumes the content over AEM Headless GraphQL APIs. Adobe Experience Manager as a Cloud Service’s Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) facilitates non-AEM web properties to make browser-based client-side calls to AEM’s GraphQL APIs, and other AEM Headless resources. The GraphiQL tool enables developers to create and test queries against content on the current AEM environment. AEM exposes a variety of HTTP endpoints that can be interacted with in a headless manner, from GraphQL, AEM Content Services to Assets HTTP API. They can be requested with a GET request by client applications. The advanced tutorial illustrates in-depth aspects of working with Content Fragment Models, Content Fragments, and the AEM GraphQL persisted queries, including using the GraphQL persisted queries in a client application. Implement to run AEM GraphQL persisted queries. Learn how to define and use Content Fragments in Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) for use with GraphQL. The endpoint is the path used to access GraphQL for AEM. The GraphiQL tool also enables users to persist or save queries to be used by client applications in a production setting. After the API is created, browse or modify the schema on the Design tab. In GraphQL, we’d use this to manage access to particular queries and mutations based on identity, role, or permissions. Prerequisites. Remove the RequestHeader unset Authorization configuration from Apache and restart the proxy server. Today, we are introducing an option to easily import schemas for your GraphQL requests. FAQs. In this example, we’re restricting the content type to only images. Overview; 1 - Create Content Fragment Models; 2 - Author Content Fragments; 3 - Explore the AEM GraphQL API; 4 - Persisted GraphQL. Please ensure that the previous chapters have been completed before proceeding with this chapter. If your modeling requirements require further restriction, there are some other options available. This architecture features some inherent performance flaws, but is fast to implement and. Step 2: Adding data to a Next. Getting granular access control is a big pain in large REST APIs. #[derive (juniper::GraphQLObject)] struct Customer { id: String, name: String, age: i32, email: String, address: String, } Notice the derive macro above the. #3 is what brand new apps might explore, to avoid accumulating non-GraphQL flows. To access the GraphQL endpoint, a CORS policy must be configured and added to an AEM Project that is deployed to AEM via Cloud Manager. Both GraphQL and Next. Specify a secret key in the appsettings. GraphQL looks a bit special when you query it but it's quite simple. This tutorial explores how AEM’s GraphQL APIs and headless capabilities can be used to power the experiences surfaced in an external app. Next, explore the power of AEM’s GraphQL API using the built-in GraphiQL Explorer. Using the Access Token in a GraphQL Request. This guide uses the AEM as a Cloud Service SDK. The GraphQL schema can contain sensitive information. Sign In. The HTTP GET requests from the headless app to AEM’s GraphQL APIs must be configured to interact with the correct AEM service, as. Initialize an npm project: npm init -y. Anatomy of the React app. In AEM 6. The HTTP GET requests from the headless app to AEM’s GraphQL APIs must be configured to interact with the correct AEM service, as. For testing and development, you can also access the AEM GraphQL API directly using the GraphiQL interface. Prerequisites. Using the Access Token in a GraphQL Request. In this tutorial, we’ll cover a few concepts. Install an AEM package that contains several folders and sample images used to accelerate the tutorial. The AEM Headless quick setup gets you hands-on with AEM Headless using content from the WKND Site sample project, and a sample React App (a SPA) that consumes the content over AEM Headless GraphQL APIs. In previous releases, a package was needed to install the. Complete the quick setup for AEM as a Cloud Service to configure your AEM as a Cloud Service. Select Add private key from DER file, and add the private key and chain file to AEM:Yes, since few days I am going through this article, in this article Albin has explained through basic authentication only, token based may be supporting in AEMAaCS not sure if it is there in AEM6. The WKND client application connects to AEM publish service, so it is important that you published the following to the AEM publish service. AEM GraphQL API requests. Explore how an external application can programmatically authenticate and interact with AEM as a Cloud Service over HTTP using Local Development Access Tokens and Service Credentials. LearnUse AEM GraphQL pre-caching. The execution flow of the Node. The configured AEM service’s host/domain is then used to construct the AEM GraphQL API URLs and Image URLs. 0 integration. This document is part of a multi-part tutorial. There are many different approaches and strategies to handle authentication. To get started with GraphQL queries and how they work with AEM Content Fragments, it helps to see some practical examples. (Not on AEM as a cloud service) In our case, AEM will be the resource owner, 3rd party application will be client and OKTA will be the authorization server. 10. This tutorial explores how AEM’s GraphQL APIs and headless capabilities can be used to power the experiences surfaced in an external app. In this design pattern, the SPA application is completely separated from AEM, and content from AEM is consumed through headless GraphQL APIs as needed. The GraphQL schema can contain sensitive information. Send GraphQL queries using the GraphiQL IDE. The best way to get started with GraphQL and AEM is to start experiment with queries using our sample content fragment data. Experienced in designing and delivering Content Management Systems in Adobe Experience Manager. Learn how to create GraphQL queries to return content from Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) and how to use the GraphiQL tool to quickly test, refine, and debug queries. Update cache-control parameters in persisted queries. 5 the GraphiQL IDE tool must be manually installed. 1. Hasura GraphQL Engine utilizes session variables, with specific user, role, organization and any other information you may need to determine the data access rights of the. Specify JWT. The Web Component is designed to connect to an AEM Publish environment, however it can source content from AEM Author if authentication is provided in the Web Component’s person. See Authentication for Remote AEM GraphQL Queries on Content Fragments. So if no CUG is applied for the content which the graphQL query accesses in query, no need of authentication for the API even in prod? The publishUrl of assets returned in the query result in prod would be accessible without any authentication?Eventually your front-end code will want to use only GraphQL, except the legacy-but-stable authentication endpoints. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. Through GraphQL, AEM also exposes the metadata of a Content Fragment. AEM Headless quick setup using the local AEM SDK. Understand how to publish GraphQL endpoints. Project Configurations; GraphQL endpoints;. For a third-party service to connect with an AEM instance it must. Example applications are a great way to explore the headless capabilities of Adobe Experience Manager (AEM). Complete the quick setup for AEM as a Cloud Service to configure your AEM as a Cloud Service environment. References to other content, such as images or other Content Fragments can be dynamically inserted in-line within the flow of the text. A series of articles on building a fullstack app with TypeScript, Next. Authorization. Developer. Without Introspection and the Schema, tools like these wouldn't exist. 5 . 02. An effective caching can be achieved especially for repeating queries like retrieving the. Querying AEM using GraphQL using persisted queries (as opposed to client-defined GraphQL queries) allows developers to persist a query (but not its results) in AEM, and then request the query to be executed by name. Learn how to execute GraphQL queries against endpoints. The response of a GET request can be cached at the dispatcher and CDN layers, ultimately improving the performance of the requesting client. The AEM Headless quick setup gets you hands-on with AEM Headless using content from the WKND Site sample project, and a sample React App (a SPA) that consumes the content over AEM Headless GraphQL APIs. Project Configurations; GraphQL endpoints;. This opens a side panel with several tabs that provide a developer with information about the current page. Discover how 'Persisted Queries' and 'GraphQL' simplify data retrieval and boost. A GraphQL server is built on top of schema and resolvers. 5. Apply mode ALL_OR_EMPTY (on arrays/multi-value fields) didn’t return fragments with null values for. Understand how the Content Fragment Model drives the GraphQL API. The HTTP GET requests from the headless app to AEM’s GraphQL APIs must be configured to interact with the correct AEM service, as. Project Configurations; GraphQL endpoints; Content Fragment. js application is as follows: The Node. Also, one should consider the Pros after its implementation : Very flexible to support new items and update existing behaviour. Complete the quick setup for AEM as a Cloud Service to configure your AEM as a Cloud Service. The GraphQL endpoints are publicly accessible, but the content that they return depends on user's access. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. The following are examples of possible approaches for constructing URLs for AEM GraphQL API and image requests, for several popular headless frameworks and platforms. GraphQL API. However, I checked on Software Distribution but could not find the tooling (Managed Service version) of "GraphiQL" to download: (. Firebase & GraphQL. It was developed by Facebook and is now used by many popular companies such as. The. For more information on GraphQL variables, see the GraphQL documentation. The GraphiQL tool also enables users to persist or save queries to be used by client applications in a production setting. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. In this pattern, the front-end developer has full control over the app but. Content Fragments in AEM provide structured content management. Update cache-control parameters in persisted queries. Understand the authentication required for Remote AEM GraphQL queries in order to secure your headless content delivery. Review Adventures React Component The advanced tutorial illustrates in-depth aspects of working with Content Fragment Models, Content Fragments, and the AEM GraphQL persisted queries, including using the GraphQL persisted queries in a client application. If your modeling requirements require further restriction, there are some other options available. For server-to-server authentication, you can use Service Credentials of AEM (Access tokens). See how AEM powers omni-channel experiences. Next, we’ll use the AEM Headless SDK to retrieve Content Fragment data from AEM’s GraphQL APIs. Also, the CIF add-on includes a local reverse proxy make the Commerce GraphQL endpoint available locally. Check the password: Use Chrome browser and open the Developer Tools and select the Network tab in the browser. The advanced tutorial illustrates in-depth aspects of working with Content Fragment Models, Content Fragments, and the AEM GraphQL persisted queries, including using the GraphQL persisted queries in a client application. This tutorial explores how AEM Content Services can be used to power the experience of an Mobile App that displays Event information (music, performance, art, etc. GraphQL, a flexible query language for APIs, provides an efficient and precise way to request specific data from your AEM instance, enabling a seamless integration between React and AEM. js app. Learn how AEM can go beyond a pure headless use case, with options for in-context authoring and experience management. 11382 is related to null values in filter conditions on multi-values fields. Dedicated Service accounts when used with CUG should allow to. Created for: Beginner. Questions that have arisen: Q: “How is the GraphQL API for AEM different from Query Builder API?” A: “The AEM GraphQL API offers total control on the JSON output, and is an industry standard for querying content. Step 3: Fetch data with a GraphQL query in Next. js initializes and exports the AEM Headless Client used to communicate with AEM; src/api/usePersistedQueries. I love to have your feedback, suggestions, and. Dedicated Service accounts when used with CUG. Remove a Table from the API#. Step 2. Tap the ellipsis next to the environment in the Environments section, and select Developer Console. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM’s GraphQL APIs and consumed by an external app, in a headless CMS scenario. Content Fragments are used, as the content is structured according to Content Fragment Models. In previous releases, a package was needed to install the GraphiQL IDE. An end-to-end tutorial illustrating how to build-out and expose content using AEM Headless. Content Fragments are used in AEM to create and manage content for the SPA. Authentication can provide context to a session and personalize the type of data that a user sees. Please ensure that the previous chapters have been completed before proceeding with this chapter. In this article. src/api/aemHeadlessClient. js v18; Git; 1. For authentication, the third-party service must retrieve an Access Token that can then be used in the GraphQL Request.